why hair falls out

Hair loss, medically known as alopecia, can occur for a variety of reasons, ranging from temporary factors to underlying health conditions. Understanding the common causes of hair loss can help you identify potential triggers and take steps to address them. Here are some reasons why hair falls out:

1. Androgenetic Alopecia (Hereditary Hair Loss): This is the most common cause of hair loss and is genetically determined. Androgenetic alopecia affects both men and women and is characterized by a gradual thinning of hair, usually starting at the temples or crown in men and diffuse thinning all over the scalp in women.

2. Telogen Effluvium: This type of hair loss occurs when a significant number of hair follicles enter the resting (telogen) phase prematurely due to stress, hormonal changes, medications, or nutritional deficiencies. Telogen effluvium is usually temporary and resolves once the underlying cause is addressed.

3. Alopecia Areata: This is an autoimmune condition that causes patchy hair loss on the scalp, eyebrows, or other areas of the body. It occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the hair follicles, leading to hair loss. In some cases, alopecia areata can progress to total hair loss (alopecia totalis) or loss of all body hair (alopecia universalis).

4. Hormonal Changes: Hormonal fluctuations, such as those that occur during pregnancy, childbirth, menopause, or thyroid disorders, can disrupt the hair growth cycle and lead to temporary hair loss. Hormonal imbalances, such as excess androgens in conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), can also contribute to hair loss.

5. Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions and illnesses can cause hair loss as a side effect. Examples include thyroid disorders (hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism), scalp infections (ringworm), autoimmune diseases (lupus), and nutritional deficiencies (iron deficiency anemia).

6. Medications: Some medications can cause hair loss as a side effect. Examples include chemotherapy drugs, anticoagulants, beta-blockers, retinoids, and certain antidepressants. Hair loss due to medication is usually temporary and resolves once the medication is discontinued.

7. Nutritional Deficiencies: Inadequate intake of essential nutrients, particularly vitamins and minerals like iron, zinc, biotin, and vitamin D, can affect the health of your hair and contribute to hair loss. Eating a balanced diet rich in nutrient-dense foods is essential for promoting healthy hair growth.

8. Styling Practices: Excessive heat styling, chemical treatments (such as hair dyeing and bleaching), tight hairstyles (like ponytails and braids), and aggressive brushing or combing can damage the hair shaft and lead to breakage and hair loss over time.

9. Age: As we age, the rate of hair growth naturally slows down, and the hair follicles may become less active. This can result in thinning hair and increased susceptibility to hair loss, particularly in individuals over the age of 50.

10. Poor Scalp Health: Conditions such as dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, and scalp psoriasis can affect the health of the scalp and hair follicles, leading to inflammation and hair loss if left untreated.

If you're experiencing significant or prolonged hair loss, it's essential to consult a dermatologist or healthcare provider to determine the underlying cause and appropriate treatment options. They can conduct a thorough evaluation, perform diagnostic tests if necessary, and recommend a personalized treatment plan to address your hair loss concerns.